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CHARITIES? BAH! HUMBUG! Handling Requests for Charitable Donations

11/25/2022

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Today the mailman delivered six more requests for charitable donations. I added them to the pile of 45 that I’ve received since November 1. Generally, I don’t count these; I simply sort out my favorites and try to send a donation to at least one or two per month.

But this is getting ridiculous! Today’s four included two from the same charity. I realize that the Christmas and fall holidays are the time when most charities depend on good will and holiday spirit to accumulate contributions, but I don’t need five letters, a nickel, or address labels to get me to donate to one charity. One request will do, thank you very much..

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How many trees does this destroy? How many pieces of paper end up in the solid waste facilities? At what point does the average American middle class bill-payer either go nuts or start dumping all the solicitations into the trash?

More important, how much of the donation goes directly to pay for the administration, PR, and mail campaigns for the charities, and how much goes to funds the on-site services and equipment needed?


THE IMPORTANCE OF GIVING TO CHARITY
Don’t get me wrong. I’m certainly not bad-mouthing legitimate charities or making charitable donations. I personally believe that all of us have the responsibility to care for and assist people who are less fortunate than ourselves. Nor am I giving anyone a lecture on how, when, or if they make charitable donations or how good it can make them feel. Giving is a personal decision and nobody else’s business.

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RESOURCES ARE SCARCE FOR EVERYONE
Limited resources work both sides of the equation. The resources charities depend on are inadequate to address the needs. The needs are real and endless, and will continue to be. Charities will never have enough, and they have to fight for every dollar. When I was in charge of the San Bernardino County Office of Community Development, the county distributed federal funds for projects to assist low-income persons and communities. The charitable groups were, and still are, fiercely competitive because they have to be. [I found they weren’t hesitant to undercut each other in the process, either.]

In most cases, charities do important work and warrant public support for their efforts. In fact, part of the problem is that they are nearly all worthy. [By “nearly all”, I mean only that there are some that are simply not viable, and there are scams.]

Therein lays the problem for the average middle-class family. Their resources are also limited, and many families struggle to make ends meet just as the charities do. 

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​Every average family that makes donations, however big or small, however often, has to decide which of the many organizations to give their hard-earned dollars to and how much they can afford. ​I often wonder if the practice of deluging the middle-class with so many demands can lead to frustration, causing at least some people to not make any contributions at all.

AMERICAN GIVING
Fortunately, Americans tend to be empathetic and give generously to the causes they choose.
Bank of America partnered with the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy to produce the 2021 Bank of America Study of Philanthropy: Charitable Giving by Affluent Households* which provides insight into the charitable habits of affluent households. They found nearly 90% of affluent households gave to charity in 2020, similar to previous years, meaning that in spite of the economic situation in 2020, affluent families continued to be as giving as they had been in better economic times.

[*Affluent households in the study have a net worth of $1 million or more, excluding the value of their primary home, and/or an annual household income of $200,000.]

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GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR CONTRIBUTION DOLLAR
While some donors may not care, the majority of middle class contributors would like to get the most out of their contribution dollars. They care about percentage of funds which go to administration, including advertizing, vs. the percentage that actually carries out the services.

Here’s the thing. Despite the number of watch dog and reporting organizations all over the internet who are supposed to rate charities and guide the donors in wise decision making, it was practically impossible to obtain any statistics about the charities’ spending practices. At best there are ratings giving up to four stars for the best. Maybe with more diligence, I could find what I was looking for, but it is not something a person can do quickly or easily. [If there are, let me know where.]

Although there is no standard percentage requirement for administrative costs, typical nonprofits spend from 15 to 40 percent of revenue on administrative costs. Other sources say, on average, 75 percent goes to programs. While there are some legitimate reasons for differences, depending on the nature of the charity, 15 to 40 percent is a big spread. When I was administering federal programs, the guidelines usually held agencies to 15 percent administrative costs.

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BEFORE DONATING
Advice on checking out charities always begins with determining the causes you care about. Most people already know due to personal circumstances, friends, relatives, and areas of interest.

● Search online for the charities addressing the causes you care about.
You undoubtedly know what some of the charities and 
non-profits are, but there might be others you don’t know about that would interest you.

● Check them out online.
Search the charity name followed by these words [one at a time]: “complaint,” “review,” “rating,” “fraud,” or “scam.” If you find bad reviews, maybe there are better organizations.

●Check out the charity’s website.
Does it give you details about the programs you want to support or how it uses donations? How much of your donation will go directly to support the programs you care about? If you can’t find detailed information about a charity’s mission and programs, be suspicious.

● Use one of these watchdog organizations to help you research.
All these links were live and correct when I checked them in October, 2022.


• Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance at https://www.give.org/search
• Charity Navigator at https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1887
• CharityWatch at https://www.charitywatch.org/top-rated-charities
• Candid at https://candid.org/about
• Guide Star at https://www.guidestar.org/


● Find out if the fundraiser and/or charity is registered.
Some states require that charities register with the state regulator. Check to see if the fundraiser or charity soliciting your dollars are registered with your state’s Charity regulators.
https://www.nasconet.org/resources/state-government/

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● Check if the donation will be tax deductible.
If this is important to you, confirm that the organization you’re donating to is registered with the IRS as a tax-exempt organization. Look up the organization in the IRS’s Tax Exempt Organization Search.
https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/tax-exempt-organization-search


[I can’t imagine a legitimate charity that hasn’t registered with the IRS for tax exempt status. Charities do not want to pay taxes.]

The correct tax status for a non-profit charity is a 501(c)(3). If you donate to a 501(c)(3) organization, you may deduct the donation from your taxes. And by the way, a 501(c)(3) may not attempt to influence legislation as a substantial part of its activities, and it may not participate in any campaign activity for or against political candidates, local or not.

● Don’t Be Taken In By The Designation “Not-For-Profit”
Although the terms “nonprofit organization” (NPO) and “Not-For-Profit organization” (NFPO) are sometimes used interchangeably, they are not the same, and neither is a charity. There are key distinctions between the two types of enterprise.

A key one is their purpose. Nonprofits must offer some social benefit and provide goods or services. Not-for-profits need not have such an orientation and may exist simply to serve their membership rather than society at large, such as a health club that only serves its members. These organizations have the tax code status of 501(c)(7).

NonProfit and Not-For-Profit organizations may be tax exempt under the Tax Code 501(c)(7) provisions but they may or may not provide any social benefit. While these organizations may solicit donations, the contributions are not tax deductible. [Taken directly from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/not-for-profit.asp]

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HANDLING TELEPHONE SOLICITATIONS
Charitable calls are allowed under the FTC regulations, even if you are on the FTC Do-Not-Call Registry. If you wish to be listed on the FTC Do-Not-Call Registry or just want to report a call, go to: https://www.donotcall.gov/

​
However, there are rules that apply to calls that are allowed for charity solicitations.

● Don’t Let Anyone Rush Or Intimidate You Into Making A Donation.
The first rule of thumb is not to let anyone rush or intimidate you into making a donation. Both legitimate charities and scammers try to rush you so there isn’t time to think it over.

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While one source I read advises that “Real charities will give you time to mull over the decision to donate,” many genuine organizations write in their printed material “Respond by” and give a date.

I understand that charities, like businesses, have to budget for the coming year, and the more they know about their revenue stream, the more effective the budgeting. However, this bugs me! 

​[I also dislike those who try to force you into committing an amount, usually by saying something like “The average donation is fifty dollars. Can I put you down for fifty?”]  

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● Don’t Trust Your Caller ID.
Another rule of thumb is not to trust your caller ID. They lie! Technology has smoothed the way for scammers, and the caller ID can be faked easily from anywhere in the world. Often such calls appear to be from some local utility.


● Be Aware of the Legal Requirements for Charity Solicitations.
• No calls permitted before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m. (your time),
• They have to tell you the exact name of the charity, and that they are calling to seek a donation,
• The caller ID must be truthful.
• The caller cannot lie about the answers to the following questions. [see “Ask Questions” below]

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​● Ask Questions.
Solicitors must be truthful when answering your questions, including:
• Charity’s address (web and mail),
• Whether or not you can get a receipt for your donation,
•The fundraiser’s connection to the charity,
• The mission or purpose of the charity (details, including where),
• Whether a donation is tax deductible,
• How a donation will be used, or how much of the donation actually goes to the charity’s programs,
• The charity’s affiliation with the government. 
• 
If the organization lobbies to support legislation and/or endorses candidates for any public office. 
If the caller unable or unwilling to answer any of these questions, beware.


● If The Fundraiser Says You Already Pledged, Check.
They may say — in a phone call or a mailer — that you already pledged to make the donation, or that you donated to them last year. They think that means you’ll be more willing to donate.
● Listen carefully to the name of the charity and write it down.
Some scammers use names that sound a lot like other charities to trick you. Research before you give. The “Cancer Fund of America” is not the “American Cancer Society”.

● Watch out for sentimental claims with few details.
Be suspicious if you hear a lot of vague sentimental claims, but don’t get specifics about how your donation will be used and how the dollars are distributed.

● Don’t donate with a wire transfer, gift card, or cryptocurrency.
Anyone asking you to donate this way is a scammer.

● Don’t donate money to a charity that is pressuring you for cash.
If something feels fishy about the situation, like if a representative is really pushy about you donating money, then you should definitely hang up or end the conversation. You don’t have to give money to people who won’t let you think about the decision first.

●Sweepstakes winning in exchange for a donation? Nope.
If someone guarantees you’ll win a prize or contest if you contribute, that’s a scam. You won’t win anything, and your donation money will go to a scammer.


● Keep an eye out for red flags.
Watch out for an unrecognized organization name, a vague mission statement, or an overly energetic person asking for money. If something seems off or out of the ordinary, such as the caller getting hostile about the questions, you should definitely be wary.

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DOOR-TO-DOOR SOLICITATIONS
If someone is at your door asking for money for a charity, you should probably just say no unless it is the Girl Scout living across the street or someone you know and can reasonably trust. You can’t be sure where the money is going, and donating to organizations that come to your door is not good. If you encounter a situation like this, you should definitely be wary of donating. You don’t have to give money to people knocking on your door, and you don’t have to give money to overly pushy people.

CHARITY ROBO CALLS
Charities are not allowed to make robocalls. If you get an illegal robocall, hang up. Don’t press buttons to be taken off a call list or to talk to a live person. It might lead to more unwanted calls. Instead, go to https://www.donotcall.gov/.
Learn more about robocalls at https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/robocalls

THE BEST AND THE WORST
I started out hoping there would be lists of best and worst charities, but a few hours of research took care of that. There are many factors which have to be taken into account in determining best and worst, and by themselves, those words are too vague to be useful. In addition, most of the listings of best charities were in categories according to cause: those that help pay bills, medical research, those that help pay medical bills, animal welfare, charities that address world poverty, and so on. The worst ones listed I’d never heard of and haven’t sent me solicitations.

Below I list a number of websites that provide a variety of lists, more as examples than anything else, but it does not even begin to cover the variety of non-profits and charities that exist. I also include some listings that show ways the cost issue can be broken down which demonstrates some of the considerations in that assessment.


TAKE AWAY

This speaks to the advice that encourages people to research the charities based on what causes they are interested in and deciding in advance, before receiving letters and phone calls.

P.S. By the time I finished this, I had put all but four of my favorite children’s charities in the trash.

JUST SAYIN’!
□
Note 1: Partial List of best charities by limited categories [various sources]
Best Animal welfare charities:                         https://impactful.ninja/best-animal-rescue-charities/#:~:text
Charities that help with Bills:                           https://nonprofitpoint.com/charities-that-help-with-bills/
Non-Profits that help with funeral costs:         https://nonprofitpoint.com/charities-that-help-with-funeral-costs/
Charities/help w/medical equipment costs:    https://nonprofitpoint.com/charities-that-help-with-medical-equipment/
Charities/ help with home repairs:                  https://nonprofitpoint.com/charities-that-help-with-home-repairs/
Charities you should know about:                   https://nonprofitpoint.com/different-types-of-charities/
Charities/ help with legal costs:                       https://nonprofitpoint.com/charities-that-help-with-legal-fees/
10 best Christian charities:                              https://nonprofitpoint.com/best-christian-charities-to-donate/
10 best Jewish charities:                                 https://nonprofitpoint.com/jewish-charities-to-donate-to/
Charities/ help with hospital bills:                    https://nonprofitpoint.com/charities-that-help-with-hospital-bills/
Best Medical Research Organizations:          https://blog.charitynavigator.org/2018/09/americas-10-best-medical-
                                                                              research.html


Note 2:
A way to consider percentages going to programs
[Taken from: https://www.wristbandexpress.com/content/health-charities-ranked-spend-afflicted/?gclid]

The 10 Health Charities That Spend The Most Per Afflicted Person
1. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation: $9,089.022. ALS Association: $2,037.08
3. Pancreatic Cancer Action Network: $342.29
4. Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation: $316.40
5. Muscular Dystrophy Association: $227.72
6. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: $199.96
7. National Pediatric Cancer Foundation: $199.74
8. National Multiple Sclerosis Society: $128.64
9. Alzheimer's Association: $49.14
10. American Cancer Society: $45.19
 
The 10 Health Charities That Spend The Least Per Afflicted Person
1. American Tinnitus Association: $0.012. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America: $0.04
3. National Osteoporosis Foundation: $0.06
4. American Liver Foundation: $0.23
5. Lewy Body Dementia Association: $0.81
6. National Kidney Foundation: $1.05
7. Arthritis Foundation: $1.10
8. National Organization for Rare Disorders: $1.50
9. Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Foundation: $1.72
10. Cerebral Palsy Foundation: $2.03
 
The 10 Health Charities With The Highest % Of Total Expenses Spent On Programs
1. American Kidney Fund: 97.3%2. AIDS United: 92.9%
3. Cure Alzheimer’s Fund: 92.1%
4. Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation: 88.7%   
5. National Organization for Rare Disorders: 88.0%
6. National Pediatric Cancer Foundation: 87.9%
7. Kidney Cancer Association: 87.8%
8. Breast Cancer Research Foundation: 87.5%
9. American Lung Association: 87.2%
10. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation: 83.2%

Sources:
https://givingforgood.org/goodness-journal/7-benefits-of-giving-to-charity
https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/giving-charity
https://charitydonationfoundation.org/views-opinions/
https://daily.sevenfifty.com/5-ways-to-manage-requests-for-charity-donations/
https://blog.fundly.com/donation-requests/
https://hopegain.org/our-programs-2/
https://community-foundation.org/1-2-3-easy-ways-to-check-out-a-charity/
https://nonprofitpoint.com/the-worst-charities-to-donate-to/
https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1887
https://charity.lovetoknow.com/Check_Out_Charities#:~:text=7%20Easy%20Ways%20to%20Check%20Out%20Charities%201,With%20Federal%20and%20State%20Departments%20of%20Justice%20
https://www.privatebank.bankofamerica.com/articles/2021-bank-of-america-study-how-affluent-households-gave-back-in-2020.html?cm_mmc=GWIM-USTrust-_-MSN-PS-_-donations-to-charity-_-Philanthropy_Study&gclid=fc111afb51c8138f6abc79bc0b5466ba&gclsrc=3p.ds&msclki
https://consumer.ftc.gov/all-scams
https://prairieecothrifter.com/2011/11/donations-charity-important.html#:~:text=Here%20are%20just%205%20good%20reasons%3A%201%20Help,people%20makes%20you%20feel%20good.%20...%20More%20items
https://prairieecothrifter.com/2011/11/donations-charity-important.html#:~:text=Here%20are%20just%205%20good%20reasons%3A%201%20Help,people%20makes%20you%20feel%20good.%20...%20More%20items
https://www.moneycrashers.com/benefits-charitable-giving-donations/
The households in the study have a net worth of $1 million or more (excluding the value of their primary home) and/or an annual household income of $200,000.
https://www.wristbandexpress.com/content/health-charities-ranked-spend-afflicted/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI45PBi-nn-gIVtI1bCh04Dw7FEAAYBSAAEgJbTfD_BwE
 
 


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EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED: The Hensel Twins

11/18/2022

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In the 1990s you may have heard about or seen the documentary regarding twins Abby and Brittany Hensel. Or perhaps you saw them on the Oprah Winfrey Show, Extraordinary People, ABC-TV, or the Discovery Health channel.

After the 90s they faded from the public eye to normal twins growing up, and as teenagers posting on social media like others of the same age. They dropped out of sight to the general public, but not their family, friends, acquaintances, and many followers. When they were 16, the Hensel twins invited TLC cameras into their home for a documentary. Ultimately, that resulted in a 2012 TV Reality–Show (Abby & Brittany) using some of the same footage from the documentary. The show lasted for one year.

Since then, they continue to value their privacy, and have shied away from so much public attention, but their names have re-emerged recently due to incorrect, phony reports and photos posted by unknown others on social media, causing a series of updates on their current lives.

“So, who are they?” you ask.


MEET THE HENSEL TWINS
The twins, born in 1990 in rural New Germany, Minnesota, are medically described as dicephalic parapagus twins. While the term means conjoined side-by-side, medical history shows the manner and location of conjoining varies with the individuals. The Hensel twins, conjoined side by side, share one body and two legs, were born with two functional arms, plus a vestigial third arm, which was surgically removed.

Each twin has her own head, heart, spine, spinal cord, stomach, lungs, kidneys, gallbladder and, surprisingly, immune systems. Below the waist, however, everything is shared, including some major anatomical parts like the rib cage, large intestine, liver, and even a single reproductive system. They also have the same DNA.
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    Image Source:                                         Image Source:                                                          Image Source:
   
viralmurphy.com/conjoined-twins         briefly.co.za/conjoined-twins           theprecioustimes.com/abby-brittany-hensel

Abby, the twin on the right, controls the right arm and leg but can’t feel anything on her left side. Brittany, the twin on the left, is in charge of the left arm and leg and can’t feel anything on her right side. They are legally classified as two people, have two passports, two driver’s licenses, and very different personalities.

SEPARATION / SURVIVAL
According to most sources, when Patty Hensel, a registered nurse, and Mike Hensel, a carpenter and landscaper, went to the hospital in March, 1990, they were unaware Patty was carrying twins.

Once the difficult birth was over, Brittany and Abby weren’t expected to live more than 24 hours. 
Surprise! They did.

The occurrence of conjoined twins is about one in 200,000 births, and the survival rate of such is extremely low. Of that small population, only 11% are dicephalic parapagus twins such as Brittany and Abby. This condition does occur with females more often than males.

“Sadly, very few conjoined twins survive gestation and delivery. It is estimated that between 40 to 60% of these births are delivered stillborn, with 35% surviving only one day. Of the survivors, 70% are connected at the chest or upper abdomen, 25% are connected lower down and share hips or legs, and 5% are connected at the head.” historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/

After a difficult labor and birth, the parents, Patty and Mike, were given the option of  operating to separate the twins. It would have been impossible even to consider had the girls not had separate organs, but still extremely risky. The Hensels decided against attempting separation because they believed that one of girls might die, and they did not want that.

Later, as Abby and Brittany grew older, there were several medical interventions. When, at 12, Brittany stopped growing, Abby had spinal surgery to stop her spinal growth to keep them balanced. Abby is 5 feet 2 inches tall and Brittany is only four feet ten inches. They have both had operations for scoliosis and preventative chest surgery to address potential breathing problems. Because of the height difference, Brittany has to walk on tip toes or wear shoes with heels.

As adults, the Hensel girls are often asked if they’ve considered separating, now that the medical technology is much better. Their answer is “no.” After this long, the twins can’t imagine living any other way. They are too active and social to be confined to wheelchairs, and are grateful to have a permanent companion in their journey through life.

​DEVELOPMENT: EPITOME OF COOPERATION
Despite being physically unique, the twins learned to coordinate body movements and grew up as normal twins in terms of the sorts of activities kids engage in. With each controlling one arm and one leg, they still walked and talked and developed within the normal age ranges.
​

Imagine how fully in-sync they must be just to walk and react, much less the kinds of physical activities involved in sports. Their childhood was surprisingly like that of other children. The girls like to swim, bowl, play the piano, ride bikes, and play various musical instruments.

They have a younger sister and a younger brother.
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                     Image Source:                                                         Image Source:
                     interest.com/pin/468655904963179984/                historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/

Because they each have their own immune systems, one can be sick when the other isn’t. “But they have expressed that being sick is the only time they ever wish they were separated. Once, Brittany was so upset when Abby expressed that sentiment that she cried nonstop until her sister assured her she would stay put.” historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/
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DIFFERENT PERSONALITIES
Despite sharing a body, the girls have developed their own distinct personalities. Abby is bossier and demanding, and she is louder and outspoken. More of an extrovert. She doesn’t like the noise in the city, and loves caffeine, but stays away from it because her twin isn’t supposed to have it. Abby ’s favorite color is pink, and she likes bright colors.
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Brittany is a quieter person and more of a tomboy. She tends to be an introverted, fragile, contemplative, and reserved person. Unlike Abby, Brittany loves the city life and the craziness it gives.

As teens and young adults, they showed their differences by choosing different hair colors and cuts, shoes and leggings, but body clothes are more of a problem because their tastes are quite different.

Image Credit: Instagram - @abbyandbrittany
Image Source:
historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/

​Their mother was relieved when the teenagers, who fought constantly over what to wear, came to an agreement to let one twin choose one day, the other the next. Apparently they learned to accommodate the tastes of the other with similar “trade-off” systems. Additionally, they have clothing that’s specially made with different necklines and hems to suit their individual tastes. They seem to always know what the other is going to say, and often finish each other's sentences. "We talk in our heads, " they say.
 

TYPICAL TEENAGERS
They had the usual difficulties in their teen years, like any other twins would have. At 16, when they agreed to let TLC document their life, everything they did was photographed.

​That same year, they decided to get their driver's licenses. They each had to pass the written exam. For the actual driving part of the test, they had to operate the vehicle together at the steering wheel, Abby controlling the right side, Brittany the left.

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    Image Source:                                                                              Image Source:
    theprecioustimes.com/abby-and-brittany-hensel                         historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/

Physical cooperation in harmonizing movement had to be learned, but the twins have an inane instinct of anticipating what the other is thinking and feeling without verbal or other cues. “Twintuition" is said to be common among conjoined twin and even separate sets of twins.

HIGHSCHOOL / COLLEGE / OFF TO EUROPE
During high school their interests pretty well overlapped, but Brittany enjoyed writing while Abby preferred math. The twins were given their own assignments, but sometimes peaked at the other’s work. In 2008, the girls graduated with honors from Mayer Lutheran High School in Mayer, Minnesota. Their graduation made history as the first pair of conjoined twins in the United States to graduate from any high school.

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After high school, Abby and Brittany left home and lived on their own while attending the University of Bethel, St. Paul. Both received Bachelor of Arts degrees in Education at the age of twenty-two. The twins had wanted to specialize in different teaching disciplines but felt they couldn’t handle the extra coursework.       Image Credit: Instagram - @abbyandbrittany
                                                                              Image Source:
historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/

Their university days completed, the girls took a trip to Europe with their friends Rebecca Fessler and Erin Junkans. This was filmed extensively by TLC, and later used in their reality show.
​

Abby and Brittany agreed to do the TV reality show despite their dislike of publicity, because it gave them the opportunity to let the general public know more about their unusual situation. Even with their busy schedule, they have found time to travel to several countries. 
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     Image Credit: Instagram                                                                         Image Credit: Gentside, UK
     Image Credit: theprecioustimes.com/update-on          Image Source: ​thefrisky.com/abby-and-brittany-hensel
​    -abby-and-brittany-hensel
 

SETTLING DOWN TO A CAREER
Home again, the twins settled down and got a student teaching job as fourth- and fifth-grade math specialists. When they finished the required stint as student teachers, they were offered a full time position (chosen from among 175 qualified candidates) teaching at Mounds View Elementary School, in Elk Mound, Minnesota. Since October 2017, they have worked at the school and enjoy their careers and particularly like working with children, who seem to adore their teachers Abby and Brittany.                                                                     
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               Image Credit: YouTube
               Source of Images:
theprecioustimes.com/update-on-abby-and-brittany-hensel


The school principal, Mr. Paul Good, says “I don’t think there’s anything that they won’t try or something that they couldn’t be able to do if they really wanted to. To bring that to children, especially kids who might be struggling, that’s very special, that’s learnt through lived example.” https://thenetline.com/abby-and-brittany-now/

​
                                                                          
Image Source:theprecioustimes.com/abby-and-brittany-hensel  ▼                             
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PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
Abby and Brittany are now entering their early thirties, and thinking about their futures.

​Each of the twins has expressed a desire to marry an individual spouse some day. They both want to be mothers and have their own families, but how they intend to accomplish that isn’t up for discussion with others. They are tight lipped about their love life. However, the girls have a track record of eventually achieving what they go after, and so far they have beaten all the odds. The rest of us will have to wait and see.

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In the mean time, the Hensel twins are opting for a much more private life. In an update on the twins, writer Marc Rhodes writes, “Abby and Brittany Hensel are truly wonderful people. Despite having physical challenges, it hasn’t stopped the twins from having fun and fulfilled lives. They are the perfect example of achieving their hopes and dreams when putting their minds to it. For those in a rut, these two serve as real sources of inspiration.”
And just so you know, the reports that the twins have been separated surgically and that they have married, is false.

Image Credit: Twitter @JubileeBials
Image Source: 
historyinorbit.com/the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/

JUST SAYIN’!
□

Sources:
https://www.timesmojo.com/what-are-the-hensel-twins-doing-now/
https://thenetline.com/abby-and-brittany-now/
https://historyinorbit.com/the-unbelievable-true-story-of-the-conjoined-hensel-twins-2/
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/468655904963179984/
https://www.mostgreatnews.com/2019/07/01/then-and-now-these-celebrity-kids-are-all-grown-up/
https://www.viralmurphy.com/25-fascinating-facts-about-conjoined-twins-abby-and-brittany-hensel/2/
https://thefrisky.com/abby-and-brittany-hensel-dating-net-worth-bio-personal-life/
https://briefly.co.za/38047-all-conjoined-twins-abby-brittany-hensel.html
https://theprecioustimes.com/heartwarming/an-update-on-abby-and-brittany-hensel-the-worlds-most-famous-conjoined-twins/
https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/01/fact-check-no-evidence-that-conjoined-hensel-twins-are-now-separated.html#:~:text=Are%20Abby%20and%20Brittany%20Hensel%2C%20conjoined%20twins%20who,two%20are%20separated%20at%20the%20time%20of%20writing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicephalic_parapagus_twins#:~:text=Dicephalus%20means%20two-headed.%20Parapagus%20means%20joined%20side%20by,two%20arms%20altogether%20%28one%20for%20each%20twin%29%2C%20
https://changecominon.blogspot.com/2016/09/abby-and-brittany-hensel-wedding-pics.html (Untrue information)
 
 
 
 
















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VETERANS DAY QUIZ

11/11/2022

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Image Source: holidays-today.com/veterans-day
Veterans Day, the official U.S. holiday honoring all armed service veterans is celebrated on the end of World War I.

ARMISTICE DAY
World War I formally November 11 each year. The day was originally called Armistice Day and commemorated ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 with the German signing of the Armistice. Thus, November 11 is observed in other parts of the world as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day to mark the end of WWI.

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson first proclaimed Armistice Day for November 11, 1919. In proclaiming the holiday, he said, “To us in America, the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country's service and with gratitude for the victory,”

The idea of expanding Armistice Day to include all veterans was presented to the U.S. Congress by Representative Ed Rees. Congress amended the act on June 1, 1954, replacing "Armistice" with "Veterans." The bill was signed into law by President Dwight Eisenhower on May 26, 1954.
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President Eisenhower signing HR7786, changing Armistice Day to Veterans Day
Image Source: defense.gov/News/facts-to-know-about-veterans-day/
VETERANS DAY
Since then the holiday has been Veterans Day. The only bump in the road was the change of date for the observance, which took place in 1986.

That year Congress enacted the Uniform Holiday Bill to ensure that a few federal holidays — Veterans Day included — would be celebrated on a Monday. Officials hoped it would spur travel and other family activities over a long weekend, which would stimulate the economy.
Veterans Day was the fourth Monday of every October, which was quite unpopular. Three years passed before the bill was implemented, creating confusion. A number of states continued to observe Veterans Day on November 11.
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On September 20, 1975, President Gerald Ford signed another law (Public Law 94-97), which returned the observance day to November 11, beginning in 1978.

Image Source: defense.gov/News/facts-to-know-about-veterans-day/

VETERANS DAY QUIZ
Take this short quiz provided by the U.S. Defense Department and check out your knowledge of Veterans Day. Source: defense.gov/Quiz/1988530/veterans-day   Answers at the end.

Question 1: Veterans Day was originally called Armistice Day to commemorate the end of which war?
● WWI
● WWII
● Civil War, or
● Korean War


Question 2: What federal holiday do most people confuse with Veterans Day?
● Labor Day
● Independence Day
● Memorial Day, or
● Columbus Day

Question 3: Because World War I was a multinational effort, many of the Allied nations celebrate their veterans on Nov. 11, also called Remembrance Day and Armistice Day. Which of these countries doesn't celebrate its veterans on Nov. 11?
● Kenya
● Canada
● Australia, or
● United Kingdom

Question 4: Veterans Day isn't spelled with an apostrophe in ''veterans.''
● True
● False

THAT’S ALL FOLKS
This is a little simplistic for most, but it is what the government puts out. Compare your answers to the correct answers below.

ANSWERS
Question 1: Veterans Day was originally called Armistice Day to commemorate the end of which war?
Answer 1: World War I

Question 2: What federal holiday do most people confuse with Veterans Day?
Answer 2: Memorial Day
Memorial day became a federal holiday in 1971 to honor the men and women who died while serving in the military

Question 3: Because World War I was a multinational effort, many of the Allied nations celebrate their veterans on Nov. 11, also called Remembrance Day and Armistice Day. Which of these countries doesn't celebrate its veterans on Nov. 11?
Answer 3: Kenya

Ceremonies are held in Kenya about two weeks after Nov. 11. This is because word of the armistice took two weeks to reach troops in Africa.

Question 4: Veterans Day isn't spelled with an apostrophe in ''veterans.''
Answer 4: True


JUST SAYIN’!
□
Sources:

https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/1675470/5-facts-to-know-about-veterans-day/
https://www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Quizzes/Quiz/Article/1988530/test-your-veterans-day-knowledge/
https://www.stonemandouglasband.com/post/memorial-day-2020
https://holidays-today.com/holidays/veterans-day.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans_Day
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IT’S ABOUT TIME: Date Line, Time Zones, and Daylight Saving Time

11/4/2022

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TIME IS IMAGINARY
Our Creator and/or Evolution plunked mankind on earth in a universe which had already established night and day by virtue of the sun in its orbit, a solar system rotating around the sun, and the planet earth rotating on its axis within the solar system. Thus, you might say we inherited the natural cycles upon which time measurements are based: 1) the amount of time it takes the earth to complete one revolution around the sun; and 2) the amount of time it takes for the earth to make one complete turn on its axis.

But earth did not come equipped with a set of definitions, a twenty-four hour clock, time lines or date lines. All these aspects of time which we earth-dwellers are subject to, were made up … by us. Not without good reason or observation and record keeping, of course, but nonetheless created by our minds.

At first things were in a turmoil and nothing mattered to homo sapiens except the rising and setting of the sun, the weather, and surviving. It took quite a while before we took on enough of a world view to notice that if we traveled very far, something wasn’t quite right.


THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF TIME
By definition, a year is the amount of time it takes the earth to complete one revolution around the sun. A day is the time it takes for earth to complete one complete turn on its axis. But what is a day? It is just a word someone invented.
Image Credit: VectorStock
Image Source: in.pinterest.com/854698835516944858/ 
▼​

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The basic unit of time measurement is the day, which can be defined in two ways:

● Solar Day - The interval between the highest point of the sun in the sky on two successive days, averaged out over a year produces the normal 24 hour day.

● Sidereal Day - The time that it takes the Earth to complete one rotation on its axis so that a particular star can be observed twice at the meridian that runs directly overhead. Because the Earth is moving around the Sun as it rotates on its axis, the sidereal day is about 4 minutes shorter than the solar day, being equivalent to 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds in mean solar time. Astronomers use a point that they call the “vernal equinox” to determine local sidereal time. There are a couple other features of time.
​
● Apparent Solar Time - The time based directly on the Sun's position in the sky, which in ordinary modern life runs from midnight to midnight, beginning when the sun is invisible by being 12 hours from its zenith. Astronomers use the Julian Day which runs from noon to noon for observation convenience.

● Mean solar time – This is used as the basis for local civil and standard time. The mean solar time is based on the position of a fictitious “mean sun.” The reason for this is because the Earth needs the same amount of time to turn on its axis regardless of the season while the Earth’s movement around the sun is not regular (circular) but elliptical. The earth changes its velocity and moves faster in January and slower in July, but the sun does not change its velocity, so the sun will either be ahead or behind the mean sun. This difference is called the equation of time.


ANCIENT AND NOT-SO-ANCIENT MEASUREMENTS OF TIME
Chad Orzel’s book entitled “A Brief History of Timekeeping,” tells us that humans have been recording time and keeping track of their passing hours since Neolithic times. Water clocks and sundials were first ancient timepieces.

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Qumran - Mesopotamia - 200 B.C.
ImageSource
:downunderpharaoh.patternbyetsy.com/sundial
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     Modern  clepsydra
                                                                                Greek Ctesibius-Designed Water Clock
                                                                                
Image Source: downunderpharaoh.patternbyetsy.com/sundial
The ancient Greeks were among the first to create mechanicals clocks to measure time. The clepsydra and the alarm clock designed by Plato are among the ingenious inventions. As soon as people began to navigate using the stars and travel longer distances, they became aware of the time differences from one location to another. A pendulum clock was developed during the 17th century, but proved to be insufficiently accurate to use at sea. The chronometer (essentially like a stop watch), invented in 1764, was accurate enough to become popular among mariners during the 19th century.

GREENWICH MEAN TIME
In 1675, the British Royal Observatory established what is called Greenwich Mean Time. The purpose established this set time to assist mariners in navigating at sea, even though they had become pretty good at it with the instruments available. This is also called the Prime Meridian, a planet's meridian adopted as the zero of longitude.

Before this, the time of day was calculated with a sun dial using solar time. This time would be different for every location but gave an accurate representation of the local time depending on where exactly in the world the sundial was being used.


THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
Once mechanical clocks and watches began gaining in popularity during the early 19th century, more activity occurred to increase in time standardization, including the a meeting of the International Meridian Conference.

The International Date Line (IDL) serves as the "line of demarcation" between two consecutive calendar dates. It was created in 1884 by the International Meridian Conference as an imaginary line which follows, roughly, the 180° meridian (and not any other meridian including the Prime Meridian) from North- to South-Pole, with a few zigzags around political boundaries.

​
The delegates at this conference, attended by 26 nations, decided on the 180° meridian based on its location. Because it divides one day from the next, it made sense to run the imaginary line through open seas (Pacific Ocean) to create as much space and time between land masses for minimum confusion. It does vary in places to keep surrounding nations, which are primarily island countries, within the same day and date.

As odd as it may seem, the International Date Line has no legal international status. Countries are free to choose the dates that they want to observe.
​
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LOCATION OF THE INTENATIONAL DATE LINE
​
Image Source: maritimeprofessional.com/blogs/international-date-line
Notice the irregular line in the north to incorporate the eastern tip of Siberia. Another one incorporates a number of islands into the Hawaii-Aleutian time zone. In the south, a similar zigzag exists to tie a number of British-owned islands to the New Zealand time system. Otherwise, the Date Line is the same as 180° from Greenwich.

Another surprising fact in this day and age, is the ease of shifting the date line. The country wanting the change can decide for itself. It’s simply a matter of publicizing the event and informing the international community and map-makers. The figure below shows the difference between the IDL.

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CHANGES IN THE IDL FROM 1921 to 1995
Image Credit: Shutterstock/Nasky)

Image Source: livescience.com/44292-international
INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONES
Along with the International Date Line, the 1884 Conference also established a system of standard time: Time Zones.

Going back to Solar Mean Time, if all the clocks on earth were set by mean solar time, they would all be “technically correct” in their own locations, but telling time and traveling would be unmanageable. This was the situation until 1884 Conference took action.

A few years before that, in 1876, the first system of time zones was conceived by Sir Sandford Fleming, a Scottish engineer who helped design the Canadian railway system. He felt the system would make the railroad more efficient and avoid complications resulting from the different schedules set by the different train stations, which set the time according to their local astronomical conditions. His proposal, which was put into effect by the railroad companies of Canada and the U.S., ended some 100 conflicting local sun times observed in terminals across the land.

​The system adopted at the Conference divided Earth's surface into 24 zones. The standard time of each zone is the mean astronomical time of one of 24 meridians, 15 degrees apart, beginning at the Greenwich, England, meridian and extending east and west around the globe to the International Date Line. For practical purposes, variations occur.

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WORLD STANDARD TIME ZONES
Image Credit:: CIA, 2018, public domain.
Image Source: geographyrealm.com/geography-time-zones/

The country Russia spans ten time zones, and there are others which have none at all. The North- and South-Poles are in no time zone because all lines of longitude converge at the poles.

In Antarctica there are no inhabitants except the staffing of the research stations. For practical purposes, time zones are usually based on territorial claims; however, many stations use the time of the country they are owned by or the time zone of their supply base (e.g., the American stations McMurdo and Amundsen–Scott (South Pole Station) use New Zealand time due to their main supply base being Christchurch, New Zealand).

There is no procedure or approval process for a country to change it’s time zone, other than to notify appropriate entities of the change. In the United States time zones can be changed only by Congressional Statute or by regulation of the Secretary of Transportation.
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​DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
Daylight Saving Time always takes most of us by surprise when it occurs twice a year, and the older I get, the harder it is to adjust. But anyone reading this understands how the system works. No need to repeat. “Spring Forward” one hour! Get used to the hours. Then “Fall Back” one hour. And so on.

Western nations were the first to adopt Daylight Saving Time. In April, 1916 Austria and Germany adopted Daylight Saving Time as a wartime measure to conserve electricity. Other countries in Europe followed suit, including Britain.

● In The United States
The U.S. accepted the idea in March 1918, as a wartime measure, not for the benefit of farmers, as some people believe. After the war  ended, President Woodrow Wilson ceded to popular demand and repealed Daylight Saving in the U.S. When WWII came along, President Roosevelt (FDR) mandated the measure, known as "War Time", throughout the United States in 1942.

This time, it stuck for most of the country but for years, different cities and states in the U.S. started and ended their daylight saving time on different dates, creating chaos throughout the country. Congress passed a law in 1966 which set a standard for Daylight Saving Time with the period beginning on the last Sunday in April and ending on the last Sunday in October. The law gave the states the option of remaining on standard time year round. Since then, the October date has been moved to November, so this year, 2022, the “fall back” time change happens on November 6.

● In The Rest Of The World
Not all countries in the world have accepted the practice of Daylight Saving Time, or DST.
Areas of Africa and Asia don’t observe DST and areas of South and Central America and Oceania are mixed.

New Zealand and Southern Australia practice Daylight Saving Time while the rest of Australia does not. In South America the countries of Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and parts of southern Brazil practice Daylight Saving time while places north of the continent of South America typically do not. Russia, across its many (ten!) time zones also has DST
in place.

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WORLD MAP OF COUNTRIES DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME STATUS
​
Image Source: geographyrealm.com/daylight-saving-time/
As the map shows, the majority of the world doesn’t observe Daylight Saving Time, but the countries that do are fairly steady in their practice. While there are negative and positive impacts of DSL, there is continuing debate as to its value.

TAKE AWAYS
Time, in the sense of accounting for it, is imaginary. In reality, NOW is always one step into the future.

Mankind’s grasp of the abstract essence of time is quite remarkable. From ancient times, humans understood its importance even without understanding the scientific mechanisms and, with great ingenuity, devised ways of measuring it in relation to the patterns of movement of the earth and sun.


JUST SAYIN’!
□
Sources:
https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/blogs/post/international-date-line-13350
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Date_Line
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Date_Line.png
https://www.geographyrealm.com/geography-time-zones/
https://www.geographyrealm.com/geography-daylight-saving-time/
https://www.timeanddate.com/time/current-number-time-zones.html
https://www.livescience.com/44292-international-date-line-explained.html
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/854698835516944858/
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/international-date-line.html
https://greekreporter.com/2022/02/09/ancient-greeks-measured-time/
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-13334229
https://www.infoplease.com/calendars/months-seasons/time-measurement-time-zones-and-international-date-line
https://downunderpharaoh.patternbyetsy.com/listing/501693398/sundial-calendar-mesopotamia-ancient

https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/five-facts-about-the-international-date-line-1.1023240#:~:text=The%20date%20line%20shown%20on%20most%20maps%20is,it%20is%20not%20recognized%20as%20a%20legal%20entity.

https://www.geographyrealm.com/geography-of-the-international-date-line/#:~:text=The%20International%20Date%20Line%20was%20conceived%20of%20in,the%20world%20began%20becoming%20more%20and%20more%20globalized

https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dateline.html#:~:text=The%20International%20Date%20Line%20%28IDL%29%20is%20located%20at,and%20marks%20the%20Western%20and%20Eastern%20Hemisphere

https://sites.google.com/a/notredameacademy.com/greek-world-history-project-spring-2017/achievements-and-advancements/ancient-greek-inventors

https://www.transportation.gov/regulations/procedure-moving-area-one-time-zone-another#:~:text=Under%20Federal%20law%2C%20there%20are%20two%20ways%20in,Secretary%20of%20Transportation%20may%20issue%20regulations%20making%20changes.
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    Author R. Ann Siracusa

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