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THE U.S. SPACE FORCE

6/17/2022

Image credit: Staff Sgt. James Richardson Jr. | VIRIN: 210823-F-GO452-0001.JPG
Image Source: spaceforce.mil/Multimedia/Photos/i

On Armed Forces Day I ran onto something I’m sure I had heard about, but didn’t register at the time. Among the honored branches of military was The U.S. Space Force. I rolled the name around in my mouth. It felt and tasted strange. Guardians of the Galaxy? What did I miss?

As Margaret Hartmann said in an article she wrote about its creation, “Perhaps there was no way for the U.S. military to create a service focused on space without eliciting giggles and incredulity, as Americans have been fed a steady diet of militaristic science fiction for decades.”

THE COLOFUL BIRTH OF THE U.S. SPACE FORCE
Although the U.S. Space Force was created by President Donald Trump when he was in office, the idea of a Space Force or similar service had been kicked around in high military places since 1958. A similar idea was considered in 1982 by President Regan.

In 2001, after the U.S. began to employ satellites during ground combat, a proposal was considered by a commission chaired by former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps between 2007 and 2011, and a bipartisan proposal in the U.S. Congress would have created a U.S. Space Corps in 2017 but no one seems really enthusiastic until…
Image Source: washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint

President Trump publicly proposed the creation of the new branch of the military in 2018 in San Diego while addressing the Marines. I am sure we heard about it on the news here. I’m also sure I passed it off as another laugh from the President and forgot about it.

Research indicates Trump’s statement was an ad-lib that went like this. “I was saying it the other day — ’cause we’re doing a tremendous amount of work in space — I said, ‘Maybe we need a new force. We’ll call it the Space Force…. And I was not really serious. And then I said, ‘What a great idea. Maybe we’ll have to do that.’”

And he did. In June 2018, he directed the Pentagon to start planning for the new branch, declaring, “We must have American dominance in space.” Actually, that’s not a bad idea. The way things are going we will most likely need that protection… not from aliens, of course, but from other humans. This political cartoon from 2018 shows one of the possible responsibilities of the Space Force. Image Source: cosmiclog.com/2019/trump-signs-the-space-force

The branch was officially established by the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act, which Trump signed into law on December 20, 2019.

The history of the U.S. Military in space is not this simplistic, and there have been various steps leading up to the Space Force creation over many years. But Donald Trump gets the credit.

Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdEegBUrDgQ

WHAT IS THE SPACE FORCE?
The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space service branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, and the world’s only independent space force. It was the first new branch of the armed forces created in 73 years. It is understandably the smallest.

According to defense.gov/NewsArticle/2462396/ in January, 2021, there were 16,000 military and civilians assigned to the Space Force ‒ that number is expected to be 20,000 in the next couple two years ‒ and operating 77 space craft.

USSF is one of the one of the eight U.S. uniformed services [Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps]. The Air Force and the Space Force are under the Department of the Air Force, one of the three civilian-led military departments within the Department of Defense.

The military head of the Space Force is the Chief of Space Operations, General John W. "Jay" Raymond, who is the most senior Space Force officer. The Chief of Space Operations exercises supervision over the Space Force's units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. For such a young agency, its organization seems overcomplicated, but what do I know? Space is a complicated thing. Image Source: John W. Raymond - YouTubeLink

Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Space_Force~

WHAT DOES THE SPACE FORCE DO?
According to the USSF webpage, “The U.S. Space Force defends our country and freedom to operate in space, keeping it secure, stable and accessible for military space power and new waves of innovation. Once the new frontier, it now defines our daily lives and ways of war — on air, land and sea. From GPS to strategic warning and satellite communications, we defend the ultimate high ground.”

“Maybe your purpose on this planet isn’t on this planet.” Become a Guardian!
That invitation to join makes it sound like Space Force Guardians will be flying around defending us in outer space. The Outer Space Treaty prohibits weapons of mass destruction, but there are military concerns such as intelligence gathering, secure communication, and navigation.

The service’s responsibilities so far are closer to home, right here on earth, like keeping China or North Korea from blowing U.S. Satellites or stopping Russia from jamming GPS signals. In other words, defending space-based systems already in operation. Their areas of defense include:

Source of Images: ▲ https://www.military.com/daily-news/ ▲ Image Source: media.defense.gov/2021 ▲
Space Force's first astronaut
▼ Image Source: ▼leonarddavid.com/u-s-space-force ▼Colonel Michael S. Hopkins

● GPS
Advance GPS technology to secure and improve communication across all military branches.
● Engineering
Build global networks to employ security of military space assets and offensive capabilities.
● Cyber
Defend communication satellites from potential threats through space and ground tactics.
● Space Operations
Support the movement of military equipment, from launching rockets to tracking space debris.
● Intelligence
Provide focused threat analysis and comprehensive space domain awareness, from access to execution.
● Communication
Seamlessly coordinate battlefield operations across all war-fighting domains and hostile environments.

To me this sounds like duplication of effort. However, since government agencies, and particularly military branches, are known for skipping kindergarten and never learning to share, it probably makes sense. At least it gives them another department to blame if something goes wrong.

However, most of us agree that unfettered access to space is vital to national defense and to our lives down below on earth. Many folks may not think about how much space systems affect our daily lives and the economics of the country and the world, but they do. For example, satellites power the GPS technology that we use daily. Don’t our lives “depend” on that smart phone? I’m glad forward thinking people have seen this soon enough to begin to make preparations.

In the mean time, NASA is still responsible for going out to the planets [for now], seeking out new life and civilizations and going somewhere no one has gone before. In fact, there is a signed Memorandum of Understanding acknowledging the joint role of both agencies.

A FEW LAUGHS AT THE EXPENSE OF THE NEWBIES
Well, a little teasing goes with the territory, and then-President Trump’s enthusiasm about the new branch led to a few snafoos, so to speak. Much of it has to do with resemblances to space-oriented TV shows and movies.

In August 2018, when the Pentagon was still working on proposals for how the new branch might function, the Trump reelection campaign invited supporters to vote on the Space Force logo. When President Trump personally unveiled the logo it was immediately compared to Star Trek’s logo. At the time, The Atlantic pointed out that it was a “prime example of how Trump undermined the legitimacy of the service” before it even got started.

Being a Trekie myself, I don’t have a problem with the similarities in the logo. Star Trek is part of the American culture by now and has contributed in several ways to real space science. Spock, however, took exception [at least in this cartoon] and George Takei joked on Twitter about getting some royalties.

U.S. Space Force Starfleet Command

To make matters worse, the early uniforms also looked reminiscently like one of the uniforms from the TV series “Battlestar Galactica.”

First Space Force Uniforms Battlestar Galactica Uniform Space Force Everyday Uniform
Image Source:spaceforce.mil/News/us-space-force

Since April; 1, 2021, US Space Force members must wear the Operational Camouflage Pattern as the official service duty uniform.

CONTROVERSY STILL
There are still those in branches of the military that believe that the US Space Force is not necessary, but it looks like the serviced is here to stay.

JUST SAYIN!
□
Sources:
https://www.military.com/space-force
https://cosmiclog.com/2019/12/20/trump-signs-the-space-force-into-existence/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Space_Force
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdEegBUrDgQ
https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/space-force-guide.html?regwall-newsletter-signup=true
https://www.brookings.edu/events/space-force-the-pros-and-cons-of-creating-a-new-military-branch/
https://www.reddit.com/r/SpaceForce/comments/d3n6lp/space_force_dress_uniform/
https://doctorweasel.wordpress.com/2018/09/27/space-force-part-1-arguments-for-and-against/
https://connectusfund.org/18-biggest-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-space-exploration
https://swfound.org/news/all-news/2018/07/the-pros-and-cons-of-creating-a-space-force/
https://gizmodo.com/space-force-uniform-logos-insignia-emblems-military-1848839370
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/08/27/space-force-now-has-official-uniform.html
https://www.planetary.org/articles/0823-space-force-explainer
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/08/27/space-force-now-has-official-uniform.html
https://www.space.com/nasa--space-force-moon-planetary-defense-collaboration.html

https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2321670/space-challenges-prompt-dod-response-space-superiority/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Space_Forcehttp:/nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/05/poorly-conceived-biden-disinformation-board-put-on-pause.html
https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2793972/space-force-selects-more-than-900-personnel-to-transfer-fy22/#:~:text=ARLINGTON%2C%20VA%20%28AFNS%29%20--%20The%20Space%20Force%2C%20working,into%20the%20Space%20Force%20during%20fiscal%20year%202022.
https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2462396/space-force-senior-enlisted-advisor-talks-future-of-enlisted-force/#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%2016%2C000%20military%20and%20civilians%20assigned,next%20couple%20of%20years.%20Spotlight
https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2462396/space-force-senior-enlisted-advisor-talks-future-of-enlisted-force/#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%2016%2C000%20military%20and%20civilians%20assigned,next%20couple%20of%20years.%20Spotlight
https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2453127/us-space-force-enters-year-2-with-momentum-and-soaring-expectations/
https://www.leonarddavid.com/u-s-space-force-sixth-branch-of-the-armed-forces/https:/www.leonarddavid.com/u-s-space-force-sixth-branch-of-the-armed-forces/

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FLAG DAY: It’s A Good Thing There Are No Flag Police

6/10/2022

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THE AMERICAN FLAG
American citizens, and even those who live in the United States perma-nently who are not citizens, should revere the American flag out of a deep sense of our national heritage and the freedom the flag stands for. Our flag reflects the America's pledge to uphold freedom and work for
Image Source: peace throughout the world.
gabpauto.com/af2030.html?msclkid

“It is America's strength in honor, as dignified in the stars and stripes of the flag, which helps to establish the moral character of our national foundation.” http://usa-the-republic.com/flag

Our flag symbolizes the love and pride that Americans have as a nation and serves a reminder of our fortune to live in a country which values freedom above all else. That is the reason we honor the flag.

FLAG DAY
Flag Day, celebrated on June 14, commemorates the adoption of the flag of the United States which occurred on June 14, 1777, by resolution of the Second Continental Congress.

Image Source: timetoast.com/timelines/continental-congress

It wasn't until 1916 that the president of the United States issued the proclamation which officially established Flag Day, but not as a national holiday.

YES, VIRGINIA! THERE IS A GOVERNMENT FLAG CODE
Why are you not surprised? We have laws and codes for just about everything imaginable.

One hundred and forty-six years passed before Congress decided the country needed a code to guide the presentation and handling of the American flag. I guess our forefathers had other, more important things to do.

On June 14, 1923 a National Flag Code was adopted by the National Flag Conference, attended by representatives of the Army and Navy which had evolved their own procedures, and some 66 other national groups. This purpose of providing clear guidance based on the Army and Navy procedures relating to display and associated questions about the U. S. Flag was adopted by all organizations in attendance. usa-the-republic.com/items

Almost ten years later, on June 22, 1942, Congress passed a joint resolution which was amended on December 22, 1942 to become Public Law 829, Chapter 806. This law contains the precise rules and regulations for the use and display of the flag. It also addresses similar regulations for playing the National Anthem, the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, and Manner of Delivery were included.

THERE ARE NO FLAG POLICE
This Public Law did not impose penalties for misuse of the US Flag, but left it up to each state and the District of Columbia to adopt their own laws to enforce the code. However, before 1989, Title 18 of the US Code imposed criminal penalties for certain acts of desecration to the flag.

Since we have become a litigious people, a law suit ensued and the Supreme Court held the statute unconstitutional. This statute was amended when the Flag Protection Act of 1989 imposed a fine and/or up to I year in prison for knowingly mutilating, defacing, physically defiling, maintaining on the floor or trampling upon any flag of the United States. Again the Flag Protection Act of 1989 was struck down by the Supreme Court decision on United States vs. Eichman, June 11, 1990.
So much for the states. The original adopted Flag Code in Public Law 829 is still intact.

THE MEANING OF THE US FLAG
While the code does not articulate any definition of what the flag is supposed to mean, it is generally thought of as representing the principles of liberty, justice, and humanity, and the patriotic ideals and spiritual qualities of the citizens of the US.

FLAG MYTHS
Most American know a little about the US flag. Some remember that the thirteen stripes in white and red represent the thirteen colonies and the stars on the field of blue [originally 13 and now 50] represent the union of the states under one federal government.

And we all have heard, been taught, learned, that Betsy Ross sewed the first US Flag. This is one of a number of myths, or at least misinterpretations, related to the US Flag.

● Betsy Ross made the first American Flag.
That's what I was taught back in the day. And back then, if it was in print, it had to be correct. Right?
Actually, there is no historic evidence that Elizabeth Claypoole [her maiden name] Ross was involved in either the design or production of the flag that made its debut in 1777. It appears that this myth found fertile ground in 1870 when Betsy Ross' grandson
William Canby, first made this claim [100
Betsy Ross presenting the 1st American flag to years after the fact]. to General George Washington - painting by
by Edward Percy Moran, c. 1917
Image Credit: United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division
Image Source:commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=119710

It's true that Ross made flags in Philadelphia in the late 1770, along with many other women, but most historians now believe the story about the first flag as pure legend.

● The red, white, and blue colors
ymbolize American sacrifice.

Nothing in the statues mentions an official reason or explanation for the colors of our flag. When people say the colors symbolize something, they are probably referring to the explanation given by Charles Thomson, secretary of the Continental Congress, about the meaning of the colors in the Great Seal of the United States which are also red, white, and blue.
Thomson's report to the Congress in 1782, says the "white signifies purity and innocence; red, hardiness and valor; and blue signifies vigilance, preservation, and justice."
Image source: reservedtothestates.com/2016 ▼

● It is illegal to burn the American Flag.
Burning the flag was illegal until 1989, when the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 in Texas vs. Johnson that burning the flag is a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

The Supreme Court’s decision invalidated a 1968 national flag-desecration law, as well as similar laws in 48 states (all except Wyoming and Alaska). In response, Congress passed the Flag Protection Act, but that law was also challenged and wound up in the Supreme Court. The court in 1990 essentially affirmed its earlier ruling, stating that any law banning flag burning violated free speech.

● It's Okay to wear clothing with the Stars and Strips
Wait! Don't buy that T-shirt yet. The US Flag Code states the flag "should not" be display-

displayed on any article of merchandise. [Other references say the words are "Shall never".]

The Code also states that the flag should never be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever and goes on to say specify a number of things. Technically, if you wear garments or use beach towels bearing replicas of the US Flag, you are violating the Flag Code.

But don't worry! The law doesn't have any provisions for enforcement, so are there are no Flag Police lurking around the corner to fine you. However, I may be a dinosaur, but I still believe we should respect the flag, and I don't believe this type of garment is very respectful.

● The Pledge of Allegiance has been recited in Congress and other governmental bodies for a long time.
The Pledge was written by Francis Bellamy [a magazine editor] in 1892, and was recited in public schools before 1898. The Pledge wasn't recited on the floor of the House of Representatives until 1988. The Senate began using it as part of the opening ritual in 1999.

● The US Has 51 [or 52?] States.
The good old USA has only 50 states. The last one added was Hawaii in 1959. Apparently, some people [mostly outside the US] believe that the federal District of Columbia, Washington DC, is a state, which it is not. Others may include the unincorporated territories like Puerto Rice, Guam, and American Samoa, to name just a few.

OTHER FLAG CODE RESTRICTIONS
● The flag code does prohibit the display a US flag with fewer than 50 states A flag that has been used to cover a casket cannot be used for any other proper display purpose.

● A flag that has been used to cover a casket cannot be used for any other proper display purpose. There was no indication if this was intended to also mean displaying in the private home by the family of a service man or woman who had had a military funeral.

● CCRs (condominium requirements and restrictions) cannot prohibit the display of the US flag.

● The flag should not be displayed on days when the weather is inclement, except when an all weather flag is displayed.

● It is the universal custom to display the flag only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on stationary flagstaffs in the open. However, when a patriotic effect is desired, the flag may be displayed 24 hours a day if properly illuminated during hours of darkness.

● The flag should never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, the floor, water, etc.

JUST SAYIN!
□
Sources:
2022
https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/continental-congress-to-constitution
http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/betsyross.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=119710
http://www.reservedtothestates.com/2016/11/29/trump-and-flag-burning/
https://www.gabpauto.com/af2030.html?msclkid=83dea0d02ac31d7f1df0c2ac304b0dc9&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Shopping%20Campaign&utm_term=4584826050698863&utm_content=All%20Products
http://usa-the-republic.com/items%20of%20interest/flag%20code.html#:~:text=This%20code%20is%20the%20guide%20for%20all%20handling,state%20has%20its%20own%20flag%20%20%20law.
Prior Sources
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_United_States_Flag_Represent
http://www.usflag.org
https://www.nyhistory.org/web/crossroads/gallery/all/pewterers_banner.html
https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30243.pdf
http://search.excite.com/excite8/search/web?fcoid=417&fcop=topnav&fpid=27&q=flag%20etiquette
https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/flag-day
http://www.debunkingmandelaeffects.com/51-or-52-states-in-the-united-states-of-america/
https://www.legion.org/flag/flagmyths
https://www.reference.com/geography/51-states-fa0d9935e4f12b61

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“AND I APPROVE THIS MESSAGE.”

6/3/2022

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Primary elections are upon us next week, at least in California, and nationwide you will be hearing this sentence many times before the November final election day. Some of you have been hearing it for a while.

I’m already tired of it, and we still have months to go. Most of all, “I Approve This Message” is getting really stale and irritating. When did this statement become such a thing? Why do all the candidates
Photo source: cagle.com/jason-stanford/ say this?

STAND BY YOUR AD
Believe it or not, this is a legal mandate! Of course it is! You knew that. I mean … after all … we’re talking about government, aren’t we?!

The SBYA (Stand By Your Ad) Provision is part of the “Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act” adopted in 2002 which amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require candidates for federal political office, as well as interest groups and political parties supporting or opposing a candidate, to include in radio and television advertising the statement that the candidate has approved the statement.

The provision was intended to minimize the “Attack Ads” which began to proliferate in the 1960s, criticizing an opponent's political platform and has since become a slandering contest. It was an attempt to force candidates to associate themselves with the attacks in such ads (rather than do it anonymously) and to discourage defamation of character as a campaign strategy.

Representative David Price of North Carolina, proposer of the amendment, stated:
"The American people are sick of the relentlessly negative tone of campaigns, particularly in presidential races. ‘Stand By Your Ad’ isn't just about restoring civility to campaigns. It's also about restoring people's faith in our political process."
wikipedia.org/Stand_by_Your_Ad_provision

In my opinion, that would be a good thing. Unfortunately, it hasn’t seemed to achieve its purpose, but at least the public knows who is saying what.

THE “BAD TIMING AWARD” GOES TO….
As Jon Levine says in mic.com/articles/, “Despite noble intentions, the major flaw of the Stand By Your Ad provision wasn't in the text but its timing.” Adoption preceded subsequent actions which rendered it somewhat ineffective.

The Legislation addresses only radio and television ads without anticipating the popularity of the internet and social media. Also, the Supreme Court allowed unlimited donations to super PACs, not named in the SBYA statute. “Now, rather than any single person, massive political ad campaigns are often bankrolled by groups with names like ‘Security is Strength’” and not subject to the disclosure.

Violation of the “Stand By Your Ad” provision can result in penalties levied by the Federal Election Commission and the loss of lowest rates for campaign ads. Attempts have been made to broaden the text to include internet ads, but the original bipartisan support has fallen victim to the ever-expanding schism between political parties and platforms.
I predict a long and full life for the words “I’m ---, and I approve this message.”

MUDSLINGING: AN AMERICAL POLITICAL TRADITION
I also predict the American Political System will not betray the long tradition of negative campaign rhetoric. Image credit: Cartoonist Hachfeld
Image Source: New Britain Herald (2006)

Most likely, the first presidential election in the United States of America (1788–89) is the only one not plagued by badmouthing the other candidates. That’s because no one else ran against George Washington. Washington had no political party and did no campaigning. He was our first, last, and only non-partisan president.

By the election of 1800, between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, influential outsiders and journalists took up the torch. There is a long backstory to the election, which I won’t bother you with other than to give some of the quotes.

The President of Yale publicly suggested that if Jefferson were elected “we would see our wives and daughters the victims of legal prostitution.” A newspaper in Connecticut stated that “Jefferson would create a nation where ‘murder, robbery, rape, adultery and incest will openly be taught and practiced.”

Others in the Adams camp called Jefferson "a mean-spirited, low-lived fellow, the son of a half-breed Indian squaw, sired by a Virginia mulatto father.”

Not to be left out, an influential journalist and supporter of Jefferson, named Callender, wrote that Adams was “a rageful, lying, warmongering fellow; a ‘repulsive pedant’ and ‘gross hypocrite’ who ‘behaved neither like a man nor like a woman but instead possessed a hideous hermaphroditical character.’”

An interesting side note to the above story: Callender expected to be named postmaster as a reward for his support. When Jefferson appointed someone else, Callender wrote a series if articles charging the new president with having fathered children with a slave named Sally Hemings. In this election, no one was exempt and the candidates’ wives were also subjected to public name-calling. In the words of one historian, the election of 1828 boiled down to: “do you want to vote for someone whose wife is a whore or do you want to vote for someone who pimped for the czar of Russia?”

ALL’S WELL THAT ENDS WELL
Jefferson was elected, and later he and Adams mended fences and became close friends, but the tradition lived on.

Things seemed to reach the anonymous-ad boiling point in 1988 with the Willie Horton TV ad consisting of a mug shot of convicted murderer William Horton. This criminal was released as part of the weekend furlough program, escaped, and committed more crimes.
The ad was produced by supporters of a candidate without his authorization, and devastated the other candidate, setting the later stage for the bipartisan adoption of the as part of the SBYD in 2002… twenty years ago.

But the relentless, undying ingenuity of the American Political System has found ways to continue the example set by our forefathers who, after all, were just human beings like everyone else. That’s my message and I’m sticking with it.

JUST SAYIN'!
□
sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_by_Your_Ad_provision
https://www.mic.com/articles/126897/when-the-hell-did-i-approve-this-message-become-a-thing
https://www.marketplace.org/2016/10/17/where-did-i-approve-message-come/
https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-campaign-mud-slinging-history-flashback-perspec-1002-md-20160930-story.html
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/04/facebook-and-google-asked-to-suspend-political-ads-before-general-election
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_advertising
https://www.heraldcourier.com/news/the-presidential-election-had-plenty-of-mudslinging/article_309eebb2-efc5-5e70-a9e7-5225158b8101.html
https://westfieldfinancialplanning.com/mudslinging-political-tradition/
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2008/10/ten-most-awesome-presidential-mudslinging-moves-ever/
https://www.cagle.com/jason-stanford/2012/10/confessions-of-a-political-junkie

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THE U.S. SPACE FORCE

FLAG DAY: It’s A Good Thing There Are No Flag Police

“AND I APPROVE THIS MESSAGE.”

Author R. Ann Siracusa

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