Posted May 20, 2022

It's The Journey That Counts!
Life's journey is not to arrive safely at the grave in a well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, totally worn out, shouting, "Wow! What a ride!"

Anna-Grams
​● It will take all summer to sort my stuff and put things away.

  Weekly Anagrams  ●  The Roadmap to Peace = Path to pace? O Dear Me!
~ Hugh Reid (2003)

● Putin, the President of Russia = Put the perfidious-ness in art! ~ Dante Filipponi (2003)

● Putin, the President of Russia = A definite truth suppression. ~ Dante Filipponi (2003)

● Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans. = Neatly weighs up mawkish philosophy about unforseen reality.
~ Tony Crafter (2005)

Mark Twain Quotes 
● “Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to reform (or pause and reflect).”
~ Mark Twain

● “The man who does not read has no advantage over the man who cannot read.”
~ Mark Twain

● “If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything.” ~ Mark Twain

● “God created war so that Americans would learn geography.” ~ Mark Twain

You Had One Job....

This restaurangt sells "Ice Scream" 

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Weekly Literary Term
INTERTEXTUALITY

​​Note: I intended to give only a brief description for this literary term. All writers have heard the theory that there are no original ideas. But that was not to be. After studying it  while, I felt there was enough relationship to the issue of plagiarism that it was worth the effort. After all, most of my information on literary terms is “plagiarized” since large chunks are taken from the identified source, and most of the rest had just been shortened. However, I am not claiming I wrote any of this, I am referencing who did, and I am certainly not making any money off it.
                        INTERTEXTUALITY
DEFINITION
Intertextuality is the fact that all literary texts are affected by all the texts that came before it, since those texts influenced the author’s thinking and aesthetic choices.

The term also implies that texts do not exist without context. In practice, linking to or referencing other texts also adds additional layers of meaning. An author-created reference can be deliberate, accidental, direct (like a quote) or indirect (like an oblique allusion).

Another way of looking at intertextuality is to see nothing as unique or original anymore. Thus, If all texts are made up of previous or coexisting contexts, ideas, or texts, is anything original?

ORIGIN OF TERM
The term intertextuality has now been broad-ened to include all types of interrelated media. Originally it was used specifically for literary texts and it is generally accepted that the theory has its origins in early 20th-century linguistics.

The term is derived from the Latin word 'intertexto', which translates as to “intermingle while weaving.” Since then, intertextuality has become a staple characteristic of literature published after 1945, featuring intertextuality, subjectivity, non-linear plots, and metafiction.

PURPOSE OF INTERTEXTUALITY
An author or poet can use intertextuality deliberately for a variety of reasons, de-pending on intention, either directly or indirectly.● to create additional layers of meaning
● to make a point
● to place their work within a particular
   framework.
● to create humor
● highlight an inspiration
● to creat a reinterpretation of an existing|
   word.

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF INTERTEXTUALITY
● Obligatory Intertextuality
This is when an author or poet deliberately references another text in their work. Here, the author intends to make the external references and intends the reader to understand something about the work that they are reading as a result.

​This happens when the reader both picks up on the reference and understands the other work being referenced. This creates intended layers of meaning that are lost unless the reader is familiar with the other text.
Example
You may be familiar with William Shakespeare’s play “Hamlet”, but not at all familiar with Tom Stoppard’s “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead”. The characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are minor characters from the famous Shakespearean play but major ones in Stoppard’s work. Without any knowledge of the original work referenced, the reader’s ability to understand Stoppard’s work would not be possible even though Stoppard's title is a line taken directly from “Hamlet.” His play takes a different look at “Hamlet”, inviting alternative interpretations of the original text.

● Optional Intertextuality
Optional intertextuality is a milder kind of inter-relatedness. In this case, an author or poet may allude to another text to create another non-essential layer of meaning. If the reader picks up on the reference and knows the other text, it can add to their understanding, but it is not critical to understanding the text.
Example
JK Rowling's "Harry Potter" series subtlety alludes to J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings series. There are several parallels between the young male protagonists. How-ever, it is possible to read, understand and appreciate the ”Harry Potter” series without ever having read J.R.R. Tolkien.
● Accidental Intertextuality
This third type of intertextuality happens when a reader makes a connection that the author or poet did not intend to make. This can happen when a reader has knowledge of texts that perhaps the author does not, or even when a reader creates links to a certain culture or to their personal experience.

TWO TYPES OF INTERTEXTUAL TEXTS
● Hypertextual is the text that the reader is reading. ● Hypotext is the text that is being referenced. 

INTERTEXTUAL FIGURES
Generally, there are 7 devices used to create intertextuality. 
● Quotations
Quotations are a very direct form of reference and are taken directly ‘as  is’ from the original text. Often cited in academic work, these are always obligatory or optional.
● Allusion
An allusion is often a more indirect type of reference but can be used directly too. It is a casual reference to another text and is usually linked to obligatory and accidental intertextuality
● Calque
A calque is a word for word, direct translation from one language to another that may or may not change the meaning slightly. These are always obligatory or optional.
● Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the direct copying or para-phrasing of another text. This is generally more of a literary fault than a device though
● Translation
Translation is the conversion of text written in one language into another language while retaining the original’s intent, meaning, and tone. This is usually an example of optional intertextuality. For example, you do not need to understand French to read the English translation of an Emile Zola novel
● Pastiche
Pastiche describes a work done in the style or a combination of styles from a certain movement or era.
● Parody
A parody is a deliberately over exaggerated and comical version of an original work. Usually, this is done to highlight absurdities in the original.

INTERTEXTUALITY - KEY TAKEAWAYS
● Intertextuality in the literary sense is the interrelation of texts. It is both a way of creating texts and a modern way of reading texts.
● You can relate intertextuality in literature to the daily conversations you have and how you reference a series or music to create additional meaning or even shortcuts in conversation.
● The form that intertextuality takes differs and can include obligatory, optional, and accidental interrelations. These different types affect intent, meaning, and understanding.
● Intertextuality creates two types of text: the hypertext, and the hypotext. The text being read and the text being referenced.
● There are 7 main intertextual figures or devices. These are allusion, quotation, calque, plagiarism, translation, pastiche, and parody.


Source:
Graham Allan, Intertextuality, Routledge, (2000). Almost word for word from the following:
https://www.studysmarter.de/en/explanations/english-literature/literary-devices/intertextuality/#:~:text=Intertextuality%20in%20the%20literary%20sense%20is%20the%20interrelation,create%20additional%20meaning%20or%20even%20shortcuts%20in%20conversation.

​Saturday
May 21


​Observation Days

---

​May is:
​●Celiac Awareness Awareness Mo
●Correct Posture Awareness Mo  
●Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)
​   Awareness Month
●Fibromyalgia Awareness Month
●Foot Health Awareness Month
●Foster Care Awareness Month
●Guide Dog Awareness Month
●Haitian Heritage Month
●Hepatitis Awareness Month
●High Blood Pressure Awareness
  Month
●Huntington's Disease Awareness
  Month

The Coming Week is:
● National EMS Week 15-21
● National Safe Sun Week 23-29

May 20 is: 
● Bike to work day
● World Bee Day
● Endangered Species Day
● National Rescue Dog Day
● Endangered Species Day
● International Behcet's Disease Awareness Day
● International Blue Cone
   Monochromacy
● World AiArthritis Day
● World Refugee Day
● National Be a Millionaire Day
● National Pick Strawberries Day
● National Quiche Lorraine Day
● National Endangered Species
   Day
● National Defense Transportation
   Day
● National Pizza Party Day
● NASCAR Day

New Dictionary Words in 2022

● virtual fashion (n) = The design and sale of fashion clothing and accessories for virtual platforms and avatars
.
● metaverse (n) = A virtual reality space in which users can interact with a computer-gene-rated environment and other users. The word was irst men-tioned in a science fiction novel in 1992..

● crowd funding (n) =
Getting funding (e.g. for a new business) by asking for contributions from a large number of people, especially from the online community

● ADMR (n) = autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a relaxing, often sedative sensation that people feel on their skin; often caused by sound.  It involves making soft sounds & noises like whispers, crackles and tapping in an attempt to trigger tingling sensations in the person listening.

​Source: oxfordhousebcn.com/en/8-new-english-words